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Шортгорнская порода крс
Шортгорнский скот был выведен в северо – восточной части Англии в конце XVIII столетия, путем длительной внутри породной селекции местного скота долины реки Тиссе. Для получения этой породы использовали голландскую и галловейскую породы. Скот этой породы подразделяют на молочный и мясной типы. В Россию шортгорнская порода крс завозились ограниченно, и к их чистопородному разведению почти не прибегали. Лишь с 1928 г. в нашу страну стали завозить большое количество шортгорнов из Англии и Уругвая. Они были размещены в ряде районов Воронежской, Волгоградской, Ростовской областей, а также Башкирской АССР. В последующие годы животные этой породы из-за рубежа поступали неоднократно. В настоящее время в СССР насчитывается свыше 164 тыс. голов шортгорнского скота молочного и мясного типов.
Масть шортгорнской породы коров- красная, с различными оттенками. Иногда встречаются белые, чалые и красно – пестрые окрасы.
У животных рыхлый тип конституции и тонкий костяк. У коров глубокое, компактное туловище с легкой головой небольших размеров. Лоб – широкий. Рога – короткие.
Шортгорнская порода крс — одна из скороспелых мясных пород. К трем годам чистопородные животные при хорошем кормлении заканчивают свой рост. Молодняк в возрасте до года при благоприятных условиях прибавляет в весе за сутки в среднем на 1 —1,2 кг. Следует, однако, отметить, что шорт-горнский скот требователен к кормлению, уходу и содержанию. При неблагоприятных условиях выращивания он быстро теряет свои хорошие качества.
Шортгорнская порода крс мясного типа характеризуются округлым, широким и глубоким туловищем на низких ногах; шея у них короткая, широкая, с сильным развитием мускулатуры; голова широкая, небольшая и несколько укороченная; холка широкая, длинная; грудь глубокая, округлая, широкая, с выступающей далеко вперед грудинкой (соколком); спина, поясница и круп широкие, с пышным развитием мускулатуры; средняя часть туловища бочкообразная, хорошо обмускуленная; конечности короткие, правильно поставленные; костяк тонкий. Конституция животных в массе нежная. Кожа у них мягкая, рыхлая. Молочные признаки развиты слабо, зато мясные качества очень хорошие. Мясо равномерно прослоено жиром, мелковолокнистое, нежное и высококалорийное. Убойный выход у молодняка до двух лет равен 68—72%. При скрещивании с животными других пород шортгорны устойчиво передают по наследству свои мясные качества.
Живая масса взрослых коров достигает 500 – 600 кг, быков – 900 – 1000 кг. Некоторые быки достигают массы 1250 кг.
Масса телят при рождении от 30 до 35 кг. Телки в возрасте восьми месяцев весят 180 – 200 кг, бычки – 200 – 230 кг. В 16 – 18 – месячном возрасте бычки на откорме достигают живой массы – 450 – 480 кг. Суточные приросты составляют 1000 – 1200 г.
Убойный выход – 63 – 66%. Мясные качества – высокие. Сочное и нежное мясо с ярко выраженной “мраморностью”, обладает высокими вкусовыми качествами. Нередко, в тушах наблюдается повышенное содержание жира.
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